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Impromptu speaking is a speech and debate individual event that involves a five- to eight-minute speech with a characteristically short preparation time of one to three minutes. The speaker is most commonly provided with their topic in the form of a quotation, but the topic may also be presented as an object, proverb, one-word abstract, or one of the many alternative possibilities. While specific rules and norms vary with the organization and level of competition, the speeches tend to follow basic speech format, and cover topics that are both humorous and profound. ==Collegiate Impromptu Speaking== In intercollegiate forensics competition, impromptu speaking is an Individual Event offered and regulated by both the (National Forensics Association ) and the (American Forensics Association ), both of whom follow nearly identical formats in proctoring the event. Both organizations provide seven minutes of time to be allocated between speaking and preparation as the speaker sees fit, allow minimal notes (usually a 3"x5" index card) to be used, and provide undisclosed prompts to determine the speech's topic. While the competitor's success and ranking is ultimately determined by the judge's decision, there are several general criteria that many competitors and judges adhere to: * Experienced speakers are generally expected to avoid exceeding two minutes of preparation time, with some speakers preferring to use only one minute or less. * The speaker is to create an interpretation of the prompt and use it to establish an argument/thesis that the speech will support. * The speaker is heavily encouraged to use examples (e.g. historical events) in the 'body' of their speech to support their argument.〔 * Advanced speakers often use theories in conjunction with examples that illustrate them. * As with any competitive speech, the speaker is expected to offer a clear and defined structure in their speech.〔 * Competitors are advised to avoid giving pre-prepared, or 'canned', impromptu speeches.〔 Neither the AFA nor NFA regulate specific speech formats to be used by competitors, however there are two formats that are predominantly used: Two point format: I. Introduction (Attention getter, interpretation of prompt, argument/thesis) II. First main point A. Supporting example B. Supporting example III. Second main point A. Supporting example B. Supporting example IV. Conclusion Three point format: I. Introduction II. First main point A. Supporting example III. Second main point A. Supporting example IV. Third main point A. Supporting example V. Conclusion 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Impromptu speaking」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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